148.掌握谈话的艺术
掌握谈话的艺术。人的真实个性能够在谈话之中得以体现。谈话是人类生活中最平常的事,但没有任何事比它更须小心谨慎。人之得失尽在于此。书信是深思于心而诉诸笔端的交谈,写信尚需审慎而行,而需立即展现才智的实际交谈,岂不更需要谨慎?那些深谙交际之术的行家里手能感受到他人之灵魂在舌尖跳动,因而先贤(1)说:“说话吧,这样我才能了解你。”有人认为谈话的艺术就是没有艺术,谈话如同穿衣,只需整洁,不需修饰。若是朋友间的交谈,这当然没错;但在与长辈交谈时,就应得体,以顾及交谈对象的体面。说话应适合别人的心声,才为合适。不要苛责他人的言辞,否则你将被视为学究;也不要做思想的税务员,否则人们会就此躲避你,至少不会再轻易地表露他们的想法。在交谈中,谨慎比雄辩更为重要。
148.Havetheartofconversation
Havetheartofconversation。Thatiswheretherealpersonalityshowsitself。Noactinliferequiresmoreattention,thoughitisthecommonestthinginlife。Youmusteitherloseorgainbyit。Ifitneedscaretowritealetterwhichisbutadeliberateandwrittenconversation,howmuchmoretheordinarykindinwhichthereisoccasionforapromptdisplayofintelligence?Expertsfeelthepulseofthesoulinthetongue,whereforethesagesaid,"Speak,thatImayknowyou。"Someholdthattheartofconversationistobewithoutart-thatitshouldbeneat,notgaudy,likethegarments。Thisholdsgoodfortalkbetweenfriends。Butwhenheldwithpersonstowhomonewouldshowrespect,itshouldbemoredignifiedtoanswertothedignityofthepersonaddressed。Tobeappropriateitshouldadaptitselftothemindandtoneoftheinterlocutor。Anddonotbeacriticofwords,oryouwillbetakenforapedant;norataxgathererofideas,ormenwillavoidyou,oratleastselltheirthoughtsdear。Inconversationdiscretionismoreimportantthaneloquence。
(1) 指苏格拉底,见箴言第43条注(1)。
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